Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Egypt

This study explains the Egyptian leg of the popular uprisings that affected the entire Arab geography in 2011 in the context of revolution theories and civil-military relations. In this context, while examining the critical role of the Egyptian army in the political system, the revolutionary conditions leading to the January 25 Tahrir revolution and the counter-revolutionary conjuncture leading to the July 3 military coup are discussed.
The conceptual framework of the study examined how the phenomenon of revolution developed historically; He conveyed the findings of thinkers who compared different examples of revolution, and discussed the necessary conditions for revolution and counter-revolution. Within the framework of the analysis, the dictatorship was overthrown with the January 25 revolution in Egypt; It has been observed that political and social relations have been formatted in favor of large sections of them within the framework of the new constitution.
On the other hand, the extensions of the old regime, whose interests were damaged by the revolution, started the counter-revolution process; While the revolutionary forces were polarized as secular and Islamist, it was determined that the alliance of the secular sectors with the counter-revolutionary forces gave birth to the July 3 coup.
As a result, after the military coup in Egypt, while the old regime elements were at the center of the political system, the old revolutionary liberal-secular wing was excluded; With the 2014 constitution in which freedoms were restricted, it was seen that the military dictatorship was institutionalized in the country and it was moving towards an unknown future.